Where Is The Bighorn Medicine Wheel?
The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a remarkable and enigmatic archaeological site nestled high in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, USA. Perched atop Medicine Mountain at an elevation of approximately 9,642 feet (2,940 meters) above sea level, this ancient structure continues to captivate archaeologists, astronomers, and Native American communities alike. This article delves into the location, history, purpose, and significance of the Bighorn Medicine Wheel, unraveling its mysteries and exploring its enduring legacy.
Location and Accessibility
The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is situated in the Bighorn National Forest, a vast and pristine wilderness area in north-central Wyoming. To reach the site, visitors typically embark on a scenic drive through the Bighorn Mountains, enjoying breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. The primary access point is via U.S. Route 14, also known as the Bighorn Scenic Byway, which offers stunning vistas of the mountains, valleys, and forests.
From Route 14, a well-maintained gravel road leads to the Medicine Wheel trailhead. Due to the high elevation and harsh weather conditions, the road is typically open from late spring to early fall. During the winter months, heavy snowfall and icy conditions make the area inaccessible.
The final stretch to the Medicine Wheel involves a short, moderately strenuous hike of approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) along a well-marked trail. The trail winds its way through alpine meadows and rocky terrain, offering panoramic views of the surrounding mountains. Visitors should be prepared for rapidly changing weather conditions, including strong winds, sunshine, and rain.
History and Construction
The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is estimated to be approximately 700 years old, dating back to the period between 1200 and 1700 AD. The structure is believed to have been constructed by Native American tribes, including the Crow, Cheyenne, and Shoshone, who considered the area sacred.
The wheel consists of a central cairn, a circular arrangement of stones, and radiating lines of stones extending outward from the center. The main features of the wheel include:
- Central Cairn: A circular pile of stones, typically around 12 feet (3.7 meters) in diameter and 3 feet (0.9 meters) high, forming the hub of the wheel.
- Circular Arrangement: A ring of stones surrounding the central cairn, forming the perimeter of the wheel. The ring has a diameter of approximately 80 feet (24.4 meters).
- Radiating Lines: Stone lines extending outward from the central cairn, creating a pattern similar to spokes on a wagon wheel. There are 28 spokes in total.
- Other Features: The wheel includes small cairns and other stone features that may have served specific purposes.
The construction of the Bighorn Medicine Wheel required considerable effort and planning. The stones were carefully selected and arranged to create a precise and symmetrical structure. The exact methods used by the builders remain a mystery, but it is believed that they relied on basic tools and their knowledge of the surrounding landscape.
Purpose and Significance
The exact purpose of the Bighorn Medicine Wheel remains a subject of debate and speculation. However, various theories have been proposed based on archaeological evidence, Native American oral traditions, and astronomical observations. Some of the most widely accepted interpretations include:
- Astronomical Observatory: The alignment of the stone features with the rising and setting points of celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and certain stars, suggests that the wheel may have been used as an astronomical observatory. The wheel could have been used to track the solstices, equinoxes, and other celestial events.
- Ceremonial Site: Native American tribes may have used the wheel as a site for ceremonies, rituals, and spiritual practices. The wheel’s circular shape and alignment with celestial bodies may have been symbolic of the interconnectedness of all things.
- Calendrical System: The wheel’s features may have been used to track the passage of time, including the seasons, lunar cycles, and agricultural events.
- Navigation and Orientation: The wheel’s location and alignment may have served as a navigational aid, helping travelers and hunters find their way across the vast landscape.
- Cultural and Religious Significance: The Bighorn Medicine Wheel holds deep cultural and religious significance for Native American communities, who view it as a sacred site. The wheel is seen as a place of spiritual power, connection to the ancestors, and reflection on the relationship between humans and the universe.
Archaeological and Astronomical Studies
Over the years, numerous archaeological and astronomical studies have been conducted at the Bighorn Medicine Wheel to gain a better understanding of its purpose and significance. Researchers have used a variety of techniques, including:
- Mapping and Surveying: Detailed mapping and surveying of the stone features have helped to determine their precise locations, dimensions, and alignments.
- Astronomical Analysis: Astronomical analysis has been used to identify the celestial objects that are aligned with the stone features.
- Radiocarbon Dating: Radiocarbon dating of organic materials found at the site has helped to determine the age of the wheel.
- Ethnohistorical Research: Ethnohistorical research has been conducted to gather information from Native American oral traditions and historical records.
These studies have provided valuable insights into the Bighorn Medicine Wheel, but many questions remain unanswered. The mystery of the wheel continues to fascinate researchers and visitors alike.
Preservation and Management
The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a protected archaeological site, and efforts are being made to preserve and manage the site for future generations. The site is managed by the Bighorn National Forest, in collaboration with Native American tribes and other stakeholders.
The preservation efforts include:
- Monitoring and Maintenance: Regular monitoring and maintenance of the stone features and surrounding area to prevent damage and erosion.
- Visitor Education: Providing information and education to visitors about the site’s history, significance, and preservation needs.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Respecting the cultural and religious beliefs of Native American communities.
- Restricted Access: Limiting access to the site during certain times of the year to protect sensitive areas and minimize disturbance.
Visitors are asked to follow the guidelines and regulations of the Bighorn National Forest to help protect the Bighorn Medicine Wheel.
Visiting the Bighorn Medicine Wheel
Visiting the Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a unique and rewarding experience. Here are some tips for visitors:
- Plan Ahead: Check the weather forecast and road conditions before you go. The area is prone to rapidly changing weather conditions.
- Wear Appropriate Clothing: Dress in layers, as the weather can change quickly. Bring warm clothing, rain gear, and sturdy hiking boots.
- Bring Water and Snacks: Carry plenty of water and snacks, as there are no facilities at the site.
- Respect the Site: Stay on the marked trails and do not touch or disturb the stone features.
- Be Mindful of the Elevation: The high elevation can cause altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water and take it easy.
- Learn About the Site: Read about the history and significance of the Bighorn Medicine Wheel before you visit.
- Be Respectful: Respect the cultural and religious beliefs of Native American communities.
Conclusion
The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a remarkable and enigmatic archaeological site that continues to inspire awe and wonder. Its location, construction, purpose, and significance remain a subject of ongoing research and debate. By visiting the Bighorn Medicine Wheel, you can experience a sense of connection to the past and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of Native American communities. As you stand among the ancient stones, you can reflect on the mysteries of the universe and the enduring power of human ingenuity. The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a testament to the enduring legacy of the past and a reminder of the importance of preserving our cultural and natural heritage for future generations.
