The Large Medicine Wheel of Wyoming: A Sacred Site of Mystery and History
The Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming hold a wealth of natural beauty and historical significance. Among the most captivating of these is the Large Medicine Wheel, an ancient structure of unknown origins that continues to intrigue archaeologists, astronomers, and spiritual seekers alike. This remarkable site, located on a high, windswept ridge, is a testament to the ingenuity and spiritual practices of the Indigenous peoples who once called this region home.
Location and Physical Description
The Large Medicine Wheel sits at an elevation of approximately 9,642 feet (2,940 meters) on the Medicine Mountain, within the Bighorn National Forest. The structure itself is a circular arrangement of stones, with a diameter of about 80 feet (24 meters). The wheel consists of a central stone cairn, or hub, from which 28 radiating spokes extend outward to form a pattern reminiscent of a wagon wheel or a sunburst. Around the circumference of the wheel, there are six additional stone cairns.
The stones used in the construction of the wheel are primarily limestone, sourced from the surrounding landscape. The precise placement and alignment of these stones, along with the overall design, demonstrate a remarkable understanding of astronomical principles and engineering. The site is exposed to the elements, experiencing harsh winters with heavy snowfall and strong winds.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The Large Medicine Wheel is believed to have been constructed by Indigenous peoples, though the exact identity of the builders and the precise time of its construction remain shrouded in mystery. Archaeological evidence suggests that the wheel dates back at least 700 years, possibly even older, with some estimates placing its construction as early as the 12th century.
The Medicine Wheel has deep spiritual and cultural significance for many Native American tribes, including the Crow, Cheyenne, and Lakota. For these communities, the wheel is a sacred site, a place of prayer, ceremony, and connection to the spiritual world. The design of the wheel is often interpreted as a representation of the cosmos, the seasons, and the interconnectedness of all things.
The central cairn may symbolize the center of the universe or the creator, while the radiating spokes could represent the directions, the seasons, or the paths of life. The six cairns around the perimeter may correspond to specific celestial bodies, such as the solstice markers or significant stars.
Astronomical Alignments
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Large Medicine Wheel is its apparent astronomical alignment. The spokes of the wheel align with the rising and setting points of the sun and certain stars at specific times of the year. This suggests that the builders of the wheel possessed a sophisticated understanding of astronomy and used the structure to track the movements of celestial bodies.
For example, two of the spokes align with the rising and setting points of the sun during the summer solstice (June 21st). Other spokes align with the rising and setting points of certain stars, such as Sirius and Aldebaran, which would have been important for tracking the passage of time and determining the best times for planting and harvesting crops.
These astronomical alignments have led some researchers to suggest that the Medicine Wheel served as a calendar, a navigational tool, or a ceremonial site for astronomical observations. The precise purpose of these alignments is still a subject of debate, but they clearly demonstrate the builders’ advanced knowledge of astronomy.
Archaeological Research and Interpretations
Archaeological research at the Large Medicine Wheel has provided valuable insights into its construction and use. Excavations have revealed artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery shards, and animal bones, which provide clues about the people who lived and used the site.
The analysis of these artifacts, along with oral traditions and historical accounts, has helped researchers develop interpretations of the Medicine Wheel’s purpose and significance. However, much remains unknown, and the mystery surrounding the wheel continues to fuel debate and discussion.
Some researchers believe that the Medicine Wheel was used as a ceremonial site, where rituals and ceremonies were performed to honor the spirits, connect with the cosmos, and celebrate the changing of the seasons. Others suggest that it served as a gathering place for different tribes, a place where they could share knowledge, trade goods, and strengthen their relationships.
Contemporary Use and Preservation
The Large Medicine Wheel remains a sacred site for many Native American tribes. They continue to visit the wheel to pray, perform ceremonies, and maintain their connection to their ancestors and the spiritual world. The site is also open to the public, and visitors are welcome to experience its beauty and historical significance.
Preservation of the Large Medicine Wheel is of paramount importance. The site is vulnerable to the effects of weather, erosion, and human impact. Efforts are underway to protect the wheel from damage and ensure that it can be enjoyed by future generations. These efforts include monitoring the site, repairing damage, educating visitors, and working with Native American communities to ensure that the site is managed in a way that respects its cultural and spiritual significance.
Visiting the Large Medicine Wheel
Visitors to the Large Medicine Wheel should be prepared for a remote and challenging environment. The site is located in a high-altitude area, and weather conditions can change rapidly. It is essential to dress in layers, wear sturdy footwear, and bring plenty of water and sunscreen.
The site is accessible via a gravel road, and it is recommended to have a four-wheel-drive vehicle, especially during the spring and fall months. Visitors should be respectful of the site’s cultural and spiritual significance and refrain from touching or removing any of the stones.
Conclusion
The Large Medicine Wheel of Wyoming is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity, spirituality, and astronomical knowledge of the Indigenous peoples who once inhabited this region. Its mysterious origins, complex astronomical alignments, and enduring cultural significance continue to captivate and inspire. As we continue to learn more about the wheel, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rich history and cultural heritage of the Native American tribes who built and used this sacred site. The Large Medicine Wheel remains a powerful symbol of connection to the cosmos, the ancestors, and the enduring spirit of the human experience. It invites us to contemplate our place in the universe and to appreciate the wisdom of those who came before us.
